基于频度与价格指标法比较的服务贸易壁垒研究

以中国入世承诺表及服务业上市公司的财务数据为基础,分别运用频度和价格指标法对中国各服务部门的贸易壁垒进行研究,并与制造业比较。结果显示,中国服务贸易对外开放广度大,但深度低,与制造业相比,服务贸易壁垒水平仍很高;服务部门间的壁垒水平差异大,除运输服务业外,传统服务业的贸易壁垒低于现代服务业,其中金融业的贸易壁垒限制最多;除教育服务外,其他部门的市场准入限制大于国民待遇限制。因此,应明确政府在服务贸易中的管理职能,完善相关法律体系。同时,逐步降低市场准入壁垒,优化产业结构,提高现代服务业竞争水平。     

Minority Stress and Stress Proliferation Among Same‐Sex and Other Marginalized Couples

Drawing from 2 largely isolated approaches to the study of social stress—stress proliferation and minority stress—the authors theorize about stress and mental health among same‐sex couples. With this integrated stress framework, they hypothesized that couple‐level minority stressors may be experienced by individual partners and jointly by couples as a result of the stigmatized status of their same‐sex relationship—a novel concept. They also consider dyadic minority stress processes, which result from the relational experience of individual‐level minority stressors between partners. Because this framework includes stressors emanating from both status‐based (e.g., sexual minority) and role‐based (e.g., partner) stress domains, it facilitates the study of stress proliferation linking minority stress (e.g., discrimination), more commonly experienced relational stress (e.g., conflict), and mental health. This framework can be applied to the study of stress and health among other marginalized couples, such as interracial/ethnic, interfaith, and age‐discrepant couples.     

基于网络结构-要素行为-创新绩效视角的国家创新体系国际化水平评价

将国家创新体系分解成科学研究网络、技术开发网络和技术扩散网络,从网络结构-要素行为-创新绩效的视角,选择具有代表性并且能够获取完整序列数据的指标构建国家创新体系国际化程度评价指标体系,利用主成分分析法确定指标权重,根据中国国家创新体系国际化的发展趋势以及参照美国国家创新体系国际化的相关指标值确定各指标的标准值。进而对中国进行了实证测算,2001~2010年间,中国国家创新体系国际化程度指数从14.7%提高到49%,其中高新技术产品进出口额比例、外资企业科技经费比例等指标的迅速增加是中国国家创新体系国际化程度快速提升的主要因素。由此,提出了提高中国国家创新体系国际化程度的策略在于高效的、紧密的、国际化的产学研协同创新。     

考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法

针对服务设计中的服务要素优化配置问题,提出了一种考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法.运用质量功能展开理论中的质量屋方法确定各服务项的权重;依据确定的服务项和备选服务要素,采用调查问卷方式获得顾客群体对于各服务项的期望水平以及对各服务要素满足需求程度的评价值;然后基于失望理论刻画顾客的欣喜与失望的心理感知,并计算顾客感知效用;进一步通过建立和求解优化模型来确定服务要素配置方案.此外,以某航空公司头等舱服务设计为例,说明了方法的可行性与有效性.     

The influence of the economic crisis on quality of care for older people: system readiness for innovation in Europe

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the recent economic crisis on the quality of long-term care for older people in Belgium and the Netherlands. A mixed-method approach was applied, primarily focused on conducting semi-structured qualitative interviews with health professionals working in a management role in organizations providing long-term care for older people. The results show that Dutch organizations seem to be prepared for the influences of the economic crisis on the quality of its care provision primarily in terms of a sound system readiness. At the same time, Belgian organizations seem to be prepared for the influences of the economic crisis on the quality of its care provision primarily in terms of a favorable sociopolitical context. Comparing two countries allows for reciprocal lesson-drawing. The conclusion drawn in this study is that a sustainable long-term care system requires above all stability and structure.     

What if gender became an essential,standard element of Vulnerability Assessments?

Vulnerability Assessments (VAs) can be useful tools for providing key insights for non-government organisations and other development actors, including governments. Not only can they provide an extensive, ‘landscape-wide’ understanding of vulnerability and its underlying causes in a specific context, but this understanding can be jointly owned by all participants. They can thus be used for designing risk reduction and resilience-building measures, programmes, or projects that affect specific groups within a community or the landscape. Beyond that, VAs can provide a platform that promotes interaction among otherwise disconnected stakeholders, as well as the evidence and argumentation for community groups to engage in advocacy with local and municipal/district authorities. This article draws on our combined experience as development practitioners, and considers what we have learnt about the importance of integrating gender issues into VAs.     

Environmental Exposures to Metals in Native Communities and Implications for Child Development: Basis for the Navajo Birth Cohort Study

Two disparate statistics often cited for the Western United States raise concern about risks for developmental disabilities in Native American children. First, 13 of the states with the highest percentage of Native American population are located in the Western United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 (U.S. Census Briefs, January, #C2010BR-10). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf [Google Scholar]). Second, more than 161,000 abandoned hard-rock mines are located in 12 Western states (General Accounting Office, 2014 General Accounting Office. (2014, July 14). GAO-11–834T: Abandoned Mines. Information on the number of hardrock mines, cost of cleanup, and value of financial assurances. Statement of Anu K. Mittal, Director, Natural Resources and Environment Team, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-834T [Google Scholar]). Moreover, numerous studies have linked low-level metals exposure with birth defects and developmental delays. Concern has emerged among tribal populations that metals exposure from abandoned mines might threaten development of future generations.     

Mental Disabilities in an Aboriginal Context

Aboriginal (meaning original peoples) North American mental health is acknowledged to be in a more precarious state than that of the dominant cultures. Disability arises from the conditions of poverty, homelessness, and lack of resources that are compounded for North American aboriginal people by the historical trauma of conquest, being placed on reservations, residential schools, and continued discrimination. We present culturally sensitive and syntonic intervention programs that can reduce the impact of Aboriginal mental disabilities and discuss the commonality among these programs of celebrating culture, language, and tradition.     

改善医患关系 减少医疗纠纷

医疗护理工作具有很强的风险性,在任何诊疗护理工作中,要做到万无一失几乎是不可能的,都有可能发生无法预料或者不能防范的不良后果,导致医疗纠纷的发生不断上升。因此,医护人员应始终保持良好的医德医风,采取有效的防范措施,以病人为中心开展规范化服务,为患者提供良好的就诊环境,用精湛的业务技术解除患者的痛苦,加强医患沟通,建立良好的医患关系,尽力排除非医疗护理过失的纠纷,可以使医疗纠纷降到最低限度。